Problem 97 Which of the following has a pos... [FREE SOLUTION] (2024)

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There are three main types of subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. Each of these particles has unique properties:

• Protons have a positive charge and are located in the nucleus. They contribute to the atomic number and identity of an element.
• Neutrons have no charge (neutral) and also reside in the nucleus. They contribute to the atomic mass but not the atomic number.
• Electrons have a negative charge and orbit the nucleus in electron shells. Their arrangement determines the atom's electrical properties and bonding behavior.

In addition to their charges, these particles vary in mass. Protons and neutrons have roughly the same mass, which is much greater than that of electrons. This mass difference affects the dynamics and behavior of atoms. Understanding these properties helps in comprehending atomic structure and interactions.

Atoms are the building blocks of matter and have a specific structure. Each atom consists of a central nucleus surrounded by electrons. The nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons:

• The nucleus is very dense and positively charged due to the protons.
• Electrons orbit the nucleus at various energy levels or shells, creating a 'cloud' of negative charge.
• The distant electrons are held in place by the attraction between their negative charge and the positive charge of the protons.

The number of protons defines the element, while the number of neutrons can vary, leading to different isotopes of the same element. Electrons in the outer shells determine how atoms interact in chemical reactions. An atom is neutral when it has an equal number of protons and electrons. However, if it gains or loses electrons, it becomes an ion, which carries a charge. The detailed understanding of atomic structure is fundamental to studying chemistry and physics.